Madinah, the first capital in the history of Islam, and the second holiest place for Muslims after Mecca. It is the capital of the Madinah region located on the historical land of the Hejaz, in the west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Madinah is about 400 km away from Mecca in the northeastern direction, and about 150 km east of the Red Sea, and the nearest ports to it is Yanbu port, which is located on the southwestern side of it and 220 km away from it, the area of Madinah is about 589 km², of which 99 km² is occupied by the urban area, and the rest of the area is outside the urban area, consisting of mountains, valleys, flood slopes, desert lands, other agricultural lands, cemeteries and parts of the highway network.